Upconversion nanoparticles exhibit unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It examines various aspects, including the

Zinc oxide is a compound renowned for its remarkable ability to safeguard delicate skin. This calming component has long been employed in a number of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its outstanding protective qualities. Forming a physical defense on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful rad